Premature heartbeats

Cardiology (12%) Core Clinical Conditions

1B: Able to identify the condition as a possible diagnosis: may not have the knowledge or resources to confirm the diagnosis or to manage the condition safely, but can take measures to avoid immediate deterioration and refer appropriately

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Definition Aetiology Pathophysiology Risk factor Sign and Symptoms Investigations Management

Premature heartbeats are abnormal heartbeats that originate from the ventricle as opposed to the sinoatrial node (SA node). The SA node normally serves as the heart's pacemaker and regulates the regular heart rate and rhythm. It releases an electrical impulse that travels through the atrioventricular node (AV node) to the bundle of His and then to the Purkinje's network, where it induces ventricular muscle contraction.

Unknown. Possibly genetic and environmental factors are involved.

An abnormal electrical signal that causes the heart to beat faster or slower. This can result in an irregular heartbeat, which can affect blood flow to various organs.

• Hypertension

• Coronary artery disease

• Myocardial infarction

• Heart failure

• Cardiomyopathy

• Valvular heart disease

• Thyroid disorders

• Alcohol and caffeine

• Palpitations 

• Chest pain

• Dizziness

• Syncope

• Breathlessness

• Physical exam + medical history 

• Bloods: FBC, TFT, UE, serum calcium and magnesium 

• ECG

• Holter monitor (24-hour ECG)

• Echocardiogram

• Lifestyle: smoking cessation

• Low risk - monitor 

• Medications: beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers, to control heart rate and reduce symptoms. 

• Treat underlying cause 

• Ablation (curative)

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