Pneumoconiosis
Respiratory (12%) Core Clinical Conditions
2B The Physician Associate is able to undertake the day to day management of the patient and condition once the diagnosis and strategic management decisions have been made by another.
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Definition Aetiology Pathophysiology Risk factor Sign and Symptoms Investigations Management
Definition
Pneumoconiosis is a group of respiratory conditions caused by inhalation in dust particles or substances. The particles can accumulate in the lungs and overtime cause inflammation, scarring and impair the function of the lungs.
Aetiology
Asbestosis: was used for insulation, roofing, and other construction materials.
Coal worker pneumoconiosis (CWP): "black lung disease," it is caused by inhaling coal dust in the coal extraction industry.
Pathophysiology
Inhalation of particle > particle deposit in several places of the respiratory tract > immune response, mainly macrophages try to engulf and remove particles > resistances to immune response > persistent exposure + persistent immune response = inflammation.
fibrosis occurs due to prolonged exposure to particles > scar tissue is formed > lung impairment : reduced elasticity, reduced oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange, lung stiffening > manifestation of symptoms.
Risk factors
Occupational Exposure: Miners, construction workers, sandblasters, metalworkers, textile workers, and those involved in the production of certain materials such as coal, asbestos, silica, or metal alloys are primarily affected.
Smoking.
Individual Susceptibility.
Sign and symptoms
Chronic persistent cough: productive or dry.
Chest pain/ tightness.
Wheezing.
Fatigue.
Finger clubbing.
Cyanosis.
Reduced exercise tolerance.
Diagnosis and investigations
Chest X-ray.
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG).
Bronchoscopy.
Blood tests: full blood count (FBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP).
Spirometry.
Sputum culture.
Management
Symptom Management: bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, and supplemental oxygen therapy.
Smoking Cessation.
Pulmonary Rehabilitation/ Respiratory Physiotherapy.
Vaccinations.
Refer to a chest physician.
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