Phlebitis/Thrombophlebitis

Cardiology (12%) Core Clinical Conditions

1A: Able to diagnose and manage

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Definition Aetiology Pathophysiology Risk factor Sign and Symptoms Investigations Diagnosis Management

The term "phlebitis" describes the swelling or irritation of a vein. Inflammation of a vein increases the likelihood of blood clotting. One or more veins with or without a blood clot inside are referred to as having thrombophlebitis. These tiny blood clots can cause discomfort and be painful as they form.

The condition usually gets better on its own in two to six weeks without therapy because the little clots are typically not dangerous. Pain relief and discomfort reduction are the main goals of treatment.

In many cases, there is no visible cause, but in certain instances, even a minor vein injury might cause inflammation.

Blood clotting disorders can predispose people to thrombophlebitis. A thrombophlebitic reaction might be brought on by traumatic circumstances as well.

• Family history of blood clots disorders 

• Long period of inactivity

• Recent surgery 

• Pregnancy 

• Smoking

• Cancer 

• Overweight or obesity

• Varicose veins 

• Age over 60 

• Use of oral contraceptives 

• Hormone replacement therapy

• Redness around area of inflammation 

• If infected fever, hot to touch, hyperpigmentation

• D-dimer, to rule out deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

• Ultrasound can be used to check blockage and/or diagnose DVT

• Imaging MRI/CT

Presence of symptoms mentioned above on physical examination + history 

• Anti-inflammatory drugs: ibuprofen (oral or gel) or naproxen

• Can prescribe heparinoid cream to help with symptoms 

• Keep feets elevated  

• Compression stockings to improve blood flow 

• Avoid long bed rest 

• In infection present prescribed antibiotics 

• If deep vein thrombophlebitis - they will need anticoagulant treatment 

• Can refer to vascular team

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