Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

Respiratory (12%) Core Clinical Conditions

1B The Physician Associate is able to identify the condition as a possible diagnosis: may not have the knowledge/resources to confirm the diagnosis or to manage the condition safely, but can take measures to avoid immediate deterioration and refer appropriately

Jump to content

Definition Aetiology Pathophysiology Risk factor Sign and Symptoms Investigations Management

Pertussis (Whooping Cough) is a respiratory tract infection caused by a highly contagious bacteria called Bordetella pertussis.

• Bacterium bordetella pertussis. 

1. The gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis infiltrates the upper respiratory tract. 

2. Catarrhal phase: initial symptoms are similar to the common cold (cough, congested nose, sneezing). This phase lasts between one and two weeks. During this phase, the bacteria attaches itself to the cilia of the upper respiratory tract, causing damage. 

3.  A paroxysmal cough is a severe cough that is frequently accompanied by a "whooping" sound upon inhalation. The bacteria produces toxins that cause inflammation, damage, and constriction of the respiratory tract and airways. This phase lasts roughly two to four weeks. 

4. Convalescent phase: symptom reduction over time.

• Unvaccinated. 

• Age: young children and infants are more at risk. 

• Close contact with infected individuals. 

• Weak immune system. 

• Travelling in areas with high risk of contracting the infection.

• Whooping cough.

• Runny nose, low grade fever 

• Vomiting.

• Nasopharyngeal or sputum culture.

• Chest x-ray may be considered. 

• Antibiotics treatment: macrolide such as clarithromycin, erythromycin or azithromycin.

• Vaccination. 

Jump to other topics below: