1. A 70-year-old man presents with chest pain, syncope, and a harsh systolic murmur heard best at the right second intercostal space, radiating to the carotids. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• A. Aortic stenosis
• B. Mitral regurgitation
• C. Pulmonary stenosis
• D. Tricuspid regurgitation

Answer: A. Aortic stenosis

Explanation: Aortic stenosis typically presents with a harsh systolic murmur heard best at the right second intercostal space, radiating to the carotids.

Listen to Aortic Stenosis Murmur

2. A 60-year-old woman presents with shortness of breath and a holosystolic murmur heard best at the apex, radiating to the axilla. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• A. Mitral regurgitation
• B. Aortic stenosis
• C. Pulmonary regurgitation
• D. Tricuspid regurgitation

Answer: A. Mitral regurgitation

Explanation: Mitral regurgitation typically presents with a holosystolic murmur heard best at the apex, radiating to the axilla.

Listen to Mitral Regurgitation Murmur

3. A 55-year-old man presents with fatigue and a diastolic decrescendo murmur heard best at the left lower sternal border. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• A. Aortic regurgitation
• B. Mitral stenosis
• C. Tricuspid stenosis
• D. Pulmonary regurgitation

Answer: A. Aortic regurgitation

Explanation: Aortic regurgitation presents with a diastolic decrescendo murmur heard best at the left lower sternal border.

Listen to Aortic Regurgitation Murmur

4. A 65-year-old woman presents with fatigue and a diastolic rumbling murmur heard best at the apex, with an opening snap. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• A. Mitral stenosis
• B. Aortic regurgitation
• C. Pulmonary regurgitation
• D. Tricuspid stenosis

Answer: A. Mitral stenosis

Explanation: Mitral stenosis presents with a diastolic rumbling murmur heard best at the apex, with an opening snap.

Listen to Mitral Stenosis Murmur

5. A 30-year-old man presents with a systolic ejection murmur heard best at the left second intercostal space, radiating to the back. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• A. Pulmonary stenosis
• B. Aortic stenosis
• C. Mitral stenosis
• D. Tricuspid regurgitation

Answer: A. Pulmonary stenosis

Explanation: Pulmonary stenosis presents with a systolic ejection murmur heard best at the left second intercostal space, radiating to the back.

Listen to Pulmonary Stenosis Murmur

6. A 25-year-old man presents with fatigue and a high-pitched, decrescendo diastolic murmur heard best at the left upper sternal border. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• A. Pulmonary regurgitation
• B. Aortic regurgitation
• C. Mitral stenosis
• D. Tricuspid regurgitation

Answer: A. Pulmonary regurgitation

Explanation: Pulmonary regurgitation presents with a high-pitched, decrescendo diastolic murmur heard best at the left upper sternal border.

Listen to Pulmonary Regurgitation Murmur

7. A 40-year-old man presents with a low-pitched, diastolic murmur heard best at the left lower sternal border, increasing with inspiration. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• A. Tricuspid stenosis
• B. Mitral stenosis
• C. Aortic regurgitation
• D. Pulmonary stenosis

Answer: A. Tricuspid stenosis

Explanation: Tricuspid stenosis presents with a low-pitched, diastolic murmur heard best at the left lower sternal border, increasing with inspiration.

Listen to Tricuspid Stenosis Murmur

8. A 50-year-old man presents with a holosystolic murmur heard best at the left lower sternal border, increasing with inspiration. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• A. Tricuspid regurgitation
• B. Mitral regurgitation
• C. Aortic stenosis
• D. Pulmonary regurgitation

Answer: A. Tricuspid regurgitation

Explanation: Tricuspid regurgitation presents with a holosystolic murmur heard best at the left lower sternal border, increasing with inspiration.

Listen to Tricuspid Regurgitation Murmur