Influenza
Respiratory (12%) Core Clinical Conditions
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Definition Aetiology Pathophysiology Risk factor Sign and Symptoms Investigations Management
Definition
Influenza or common flu is a common contagious viral illness that affects the respiratory system.
Aetiology
RNA virus - influenza virus (flu).
Airborne droplets.
Touching contaminated surfaces.
Pathophysiology
Influenza virus infiltrated the body through the resp. tract.
Virus enters cells > replication > damage to host cells > immune response triggered causing symptoms of cough, generalised aches and pains, fever.
Risk factors
Obesity.
Age: < 5 years old and > 65 years old are more at risk.
Asthma, diabetes and heart diseases.
Travelling in areas with raised influenza risk.
Pregnancy.
Un Vaccinated against influenza.
Sign and symptoms
Fever.
Cough.
Headache.
Generalised muscle ache and pain.
Tiredness.
Nausea and vomiting.
Diagnosis and investigations
Good history and physical examination - mainly respiratory + cardiac, heart rate (Hr), respiratory rate ( RR), pulse oximetry.
Swab or PCR for definite diagnosis.
Management
Vaccination.
Symptomatic relief - over the counter medication (OTC) to relieve fever, pain and cough.
Hospitalisation if the patient is severely unwell.
Checkout How to take a history of Cough
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