Chalazion
Definition | Aetiology | Pathophysiology | Risk Factors | Signs and Symptoms | Investigations | Management
Definition
Chalazion is a chronic, non infectious granulomatous inflammation of a meibomian gland, presenting as a painless eyelid lump.
Aetiology
- Meibomian gland blockage: due to sebaceous material accumulation.
- Chronic blepharitis: associated with recurrent chalazia.
- Rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis: contribute to meibomian gland dysfunction.
Pathophysiology
- Obstruction of a meibomian gland leads to lipid accumulation.
- Chronic inflammation results in granuloma formation.
- Unlike a stye, chalazion is not caused by bacterial infection.
Risk Factors
- History of blepharitis.
- Rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis.
- Previous chalazia.
- Poor eyelid hygiene.
Signs and Symptoms
- Painless eyelid lump: gradually enlarging.
- Minimal erythema: no significant redness or warmth.
- Occasional tenderness: if inflammation is present.
- Blurred vision: if the lump exerts pressure on the cornea.
Investigations
- Clinical diagnosis: based on characteristic appearance.
Management
1. Conservative Management:
- Warm compresses: applied several times daily to promote drainage.
- Eyelid hygiene: cleansing with warm water and diluted baby shampoo.
2. Medical Management:
- Topical antibiotics: only if secondary infection is suspected.
3. Surgical Management:
- Incision and curettage: indicated for large or persistent lesions.
4. Referral:
- Ophthalmology: if persistent, recurrent, or atypical features suggest malignancy.
- Dermatology: if associated with underlying rosacea or seborrheic dermatitis.